Search results for "Oryza sativa"
showing 10 items of 26 documents
A high-resolution, integrated system for rice yield forecasting at district level
2019
Abstract To meet the growing demands from public and private stakeholders for early yield estimates, a high-resolution (2 km × 2 km) rice yield forecasting system based on the integration of the WARM model and remote sensing (RS) technologies was developed. RS was used to identify rice-cropped area and to derive spatially distributed sowing dates, and for the dynamic assimilation of RS-derived leaf area index (LAI) data within the crop model. The system—tested for the main European rice production districts in Italy, Greece, and Spain—performed satisfactorily; >66% of the inter-annual yield variability was explained in six out of eight combinations of ecotype × district, with a maximum of 8…
Temporal aspects of copper homeostasis and its crosstalk with hormones
2015
To cope with the dual nature of copper as being essential and toxic for cells, plants temporarily adapt the expression of copper homeostasis components to assure its delivery to cuproproteins while avoiding the interference of potential oxidative damage derived from both copper uptake and photosynthetic reactions during light hours. The circadian clock participates in the temporal organization of coordination of plant nutrition adapting metabolic responses to the daily oscillations. This timely control improves plant fitness and reproduction and holds biotechnological potential to drive increased crop yields. Hormonal pathways, including those of abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, auxin…
IP6K gene identification in plant genomes by tag searching
2011
Abstract Background Plants have played a special role in inositol polyphosphate (IP) research since in plant seeds was discovered the first IP, the fully phosphorylated inositol ring of phytic acid (IP6). It is now known that phytic acid is further metabolized by the IP6 Kinases (IP6Ks) to generate IP containing pyro-phosphate moiety. The IP6K are evolutionary conserved enzymes identified in several mammalian, fungi and amoebae species. Although IP6K has not yet been identified in plant chromosomes, there are many clues suggesting its presences in vegetal cells. Results In this paper we propose a new approach to search for the plant IP6K gene, that lead to the identification in plant genome…
In vivo and in vitro effects of nickel and cadmium on the plasmalemma ATPase from rice (Oryza sativa L.) shoots and roots
1992
Abstract Plasmalemma vesicles isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) shoots and roots were used to study the effect of different nickel and cadmium concentrations on the Mg2+-ATPase activity. In vivo application of the metals for 5 or 10 days resulted in a stimulation of the enzyme activity in shoots, while either increases or decreases were observed in roots depending on the concentration and the type of ion tested. In contrast, an inhibitory effect was always observed on shoot and root plasmalemma ATPase activity when these ions were applied in vitro. At the organ level, the content of Cd in plants treated with 0.5 mM metal was higher than that of Ni, especially in roots. No correlation bet…
Differential salinity-induced variations in the activity of H+-pumps and Na+/H+ antiporters that are involved in cytoplasm ion homeostasis as a funct…
2011
The characterisation of cellular responses to salinity in staple crops is necessary for the reliable identification of physiological markers of salinity tolerance. Under saline conditions, variations in proton gradients that are generated by membrane-bound H⁺ pumps are crucial for maintaining cytoplasm homeostasis. We examined short (15 h) and longer term effects (4 days) of NaCl stress on the H⁺ pumping activities that are associated with the plasma membrane (P-ATPase) and the tonoplast (V-ATPase and V-PPase) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus lines that displayed different levels of NaCl tolerance and were established from two japonica rice cultivars. The applied stress conditions were base…
Influence of the Interactions among Ecological Variables in the Characterization of Zearalenone Producing Isolates of Fusarium spp.
2004
To carry out the physiological characterization of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum isolates with regard to its zearalenone producing ability, an in-depth experiment with a full factorial design was conducted. The effects and mutual interactions of temperature, moisture, substrate and isolate on the production of the toxin were studied. The study was done with twelve isolates of Fusarium (7 of F. graminearum and 5 of F. culmorum). The analysis of variance shows that there is a complex interaction of all of these factors, which can influence the relative concentrations of the mycotoxin produced, and hence, the correct physiological characterization of the strain. All the tested cultures …
Rice protoplasts isolated directly from mature-embryo-derived calli
1996
Mature-embryo-derived calli of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L) Taipei 309 were used for replicated protoplast isolation experiments. Six out of nine callus lines produced protoplasts with satisfactory yield of 5.20×106–8.96×106 protoplasts/g FW (fresh weight). The remaining three callus lines initiated from seeds of cryopreserved-callus-derived plants had rooty calli, resulting in low yield of protoplasts and a large number of isolated banana-shape intact cells. Viability of protoplasts ranged 87.46%–94.15%. The average size of protoplasts was 207.49–379.04 μm2 in different callus lines. Comparitive experiments were also carried out using both calli and suspension culture cells for protoplas…
Innovative processing techniques for altering the physicochemical properties of wholegrain brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) – opportunities for enhancing…
2018
Rice is a globally important staple consumed by billions of people, and recently there has been considerable interest in promoting the consumption of wholegrain brown rice (WBR) due to its obvious advantages over polished rice in metabolically protective activities. This work highlights the effects of innovative processing technologies on the quality and functional properties of WBR in comparison with traditional approaches; and it is aimed at establishing a quantitative and/or qualitative link between physicochemical changes and high-efficient processing methods. Compared with thermal treatments, applications of innovative nonthermal techniques, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), pul…
Biodiversity of nematofauna associated with the rice field agro-ecosystem in north Italy
2008
This research is intended to give an idea on the soil biodiversity associated with the rice field agro-ecosystem. The research was carried out in two areas of North Italy where Oryza sativa is a traditional crop. The nematodes were extracted from soil samples and from the rhizosphere of rice plants. The nematode community was investigated for the genus composition, trophic structure and biodiversity. 22 families and 45 different genera were recorded. The dominant trophic group was the bacteriophagous with the genus Rhabditis. Other important genera were Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Acrobeloides. Phytophagous represent in almost all fields not more than the 20% of the total nematodes. I…